Psikologi transpersonal: sebuah pendekatan baru psikologi spiritual

This paper presents only three concepts of transpersonal psychology. First, the concept of Religious Experience by William James (1842-1910) emphasizes that awareness is a key to understanding human experience, especially religious experience. To interpret religion, one needs to see the contents of religious awareness. Second, the concept of Self Actualization by Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) who based his theory of self actualization on a basic acsumption that human beings basically have intrinsic values in term of virtue. Hence, they are capable of improving themselves. Third, the concept of Becoming by Gordon Allport (1897-1967) who divides two patterns of religiosity: intrinsic and extrinsic. Extrinsic religion is a religion exerted to strengthen one's personality in terms of social status, wealth, authority, and other demands; whereas intrinsic pattern refers to the religiosity that is experienced not based on certain interests, but in the deepest part of the heart for the sake of virtuosity and holiness.