Pemikiran Modern Muhammadiyah: dari dialektika historis ke problem epistemologis

This article is aimed at figuring out the historical context of the birth of Muhammadiyah is the attention to the important issues of theology, Christian missionary activity, and behavior among anti-religious thinkers Indonesia. Principles of modern thought Muhammadiyah includes nine points: (1) Islamic purification associated with places of worship, (2) modernization in education, (3) the establishment of the Legal Affairs Committee, (4) purification of religious doctrine and practice syirik and syncretism, (5) active political ideas without getting involved in politics, (6) the idea of ukhuwah Islamiyah by the effort of creating MUI, (7) strengthening the organizational base with raising the movement of pilgrims and religious congregations, (8) enjoining and strengthening amar ma’ruf-nahy munkar, and (9) theology of al-Ma> ‘u> n. At the age of one the century Muhammadiyah showed a persistent figure did self-critical. Being the principal problems that trigger self-criticism and gain inter-critics for Muhammadiyah empties from epistemological problem, namely the problem kayfa narja‘ (how to get back) to the basic Islamic sources of the Qur’an and Hadith. This problem is not solved by the Muhammadiyah until the age of one century. Whereas in the other sides, it is capable of displaying Muhammadiyah figures that is par excellence in the practical side, especially in the field of education and human welfare services. This is found “ideological mystery”. The mystery comes as no significance was found between the “epistemological problem” and the figure of par excellence.