Religious Moderation Phenomenon in Indonesia: the role of KH. M. Hasyim As’ari Principles of Thought

KH M. Hasyim Asy'ari's philosophy looks traditional in nature. It can integrate ruh al-Jihad into two categories: Jihad fillah, which is oriented towards the spread of Islamic teachings; and Jihad fisabilillah, which is understood as resistance and even war against invaders. Thus, the essence of this research is to show that the relationship between Islam and Pancasila (the Ideology of the Republic of Indonesia) is a modality to build religious moderation (nationalist-religious) originating from Hasyim Asy'ari's thought. This research uses qualitative research, a combination of historical, documentary, and survey research. Data collection techniques were obtained from documentation, interviews, and observations. Data analysis techniques involve inductive, deductive, and comparative analytical methods. This research shows that Hasyim Asy'ari, with the principles: Al-Jihad (Struggle), Al-Ittihad (Unity), At-Tasamuh (Tolerance), Al-I'tima d'ala an-Nafs (Independence), Al-Ikhlas (Sincerity), Uswah Hasanah (Exemplary), is a solution to the conflictual relationship between religion and the state. These principles can be systematically strengthened for the sustainability of Uhuwah Islamiyah (brotherhood), Uhuwah Watoniyah (mutual respect), and Uhuwah Insaniyah (brotherhood among mankind), which is an abstraction of ruh al-Ittihad (unity). This can also be translated into the two spirits of al-Jihad: jihad fillah, which is oriented to religious teachings; and jihad fi sabililla h, which means war against foreign control of the state.